哪吒打字编程打字课 Linux[进程管理命]

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少儿编程

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p

r

o

c

e

s

s

ˈprəʊses

进程，系统中正在运行的程序实例

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p

i

d

piː aɪ diː

进程 ID，标识进程的唯一编号

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p

p

i

d

piː piː aɪ diː

父进程 ID，创建当前进程的进程编号

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d

a

e

m

o

n

ˈdiːmən

守护进程，在后台运行的进程

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f

o

r

e

g

r

o

u

n

d

ˈfɔːɡraʊnd

前台，用户当前交互的进程运行环境

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b

a

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k

g

r

o

u

n

d

ˈbækɡraʊnd

后台，不直接与用户交互的进程运行环境

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s

t

a

t

u

s

ˈsteɪtəs

状态，进程当前的运行情况（运行、休眠等）

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r

u

n

n

i

n

g

ˈrʌnɪŋ

adj. 运行中，进程正在执行的状态

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s

l

e

e

p

i

n

g

ˈsliːpɪŋ

adj. 休眠中，进程等待事件的状态

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s

t

o

p

p

e

d

stɒpt

adj. 已停止，进程被暂停的状态

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z

o

m

b

i

e

ˈzɒmbi

僵尸进程，已终止但未被父进程回收的进程

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s

i

g

n

a

l

ˈsɪɡnəl

信号，用于进程间通信的通知机制

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k

i

l

l

kɪl

终止，发送信号结束进程

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s

u

s

p

e

n

d

səˈspend

暂停，使进程暂时停止运行

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r

e

s

u

m

e

rɪˈzjuːm

恢复，使暂停的进程继续运行

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p

r

i

o

r

i

t

y

praɪˈɒrəti

优先级，决定进程获取 CPU 时间的先后顺序

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n

i

c

e

naɪs

nice 值，调整进程优先级的参数

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r

e

n

i

c

e

riːˈnaɪs

重新调整，修改进程的优先级

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c

p

u

u

s

a

g

e

siː piː juː ˈjuːsɪdʒ

CPU 使用率，进程占用 CPU 的比例

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m

e

m

o

r

y

u

s

a

g

e

ˈmeməri ˈjuːsɪdʒ

内存使用率，进程占用内存的比例

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p

s

piː es

显示当前进程状态

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p

s

a

u

x

piː es eɪ juː eks

显示系统中所有进程的详细信息

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p

s

-

e

f

piː es -iː ef

以全格式显示所有进程

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p

s

-

l

piː es -el

显示当前用户进程的详细信息

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t

o

p

tɒp

实时动态显示进程资源占用情况

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h

t

o

p

eɪtʃ tɒp

交互式实时进程监控工具（需安装）

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s

t

r

e

e

piː es triː

以树状结构显示进程间的关系

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p

g

r

e

p

piː ɡrep

根据名称查找进程的 PID

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p

k

i

l

l

piː kɪl

根据名称向进程发送信号

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k

i

l

l

kɪl

向进程发送终止信号

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k

i

l

l

-

l

kɪl -el

列出所有可用的信号

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k

i

l

l

-

9

kɪl -naɪn

发送强制终止信号（SIGKILL）

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k

i

l

l

-

1

5

kɪl -fɪfˈtiːn

发送正常终止信号（SIGTERM，默认）

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k

i

l

l

a

l

l

kɪl ɔːl

终止所有同名进程

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p

k

i

l

l

piː kɪl

根据进程名终止进程

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b

g

biː dʒiː

将暂停的进程放到后台运行

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f

g

ef dʒiː

将后台进程调到前台运行

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j

o

b

s

dʒɒbz

显示当前终端的后台进程

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&

ænd

在命令后添加，使进程在后台运行

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n

o

h

u

p

nəʊˈhʌp

运行进程，忽略挂起信号，退出终端后仍运行

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n

i

c

e

naɪs

以指定优先级运行命令

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r

e

n

i

c

e

riːˈnaɪs

调整正在运行进程的优先级

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p

g

r

e

p

-

l

piː ɡrep -el

显示找到的进程名和 PID

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p

s

-

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p

i

d

显示指定 PID 的进程信息

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p

s

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a

u

x

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s

o

r

t

=

-

%

c

p

u

按 CPU 使用率降序显示进程

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ID\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7","daemon#\u02c8di\u02d0m\u0259n#\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b","foreground#\u02c8f\u0254\u02d0\u0261ra\u028and#\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u524d\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883","background#\u02c8b\u00e6k\u0261ra\u028and#\u540e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883","status#\u02c8ste\u026at\u0259s#\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u4f11\u7720\u7b49\uff09","running#\u02c8r\u028cn\u026a\u014b#adj. \u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001","sleeping#\u02c8sli\u02d0p\u026a\u014b#adj. \u4f11\u7720\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001","stopped#st\u0252pt#adj. \u5df2\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u7684\u72b6\u6001","zombie#\u02c8z\u0252mbi#\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ec8\u6b62\u4f46\u672a\u88ab\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56de\u6536\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b","signal#\u02c8s\u026a\u0261n\u0259l#\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u673a\u5236","kill#k\u026al#\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b","suspend#s\u0259\u02c8spend#\u6682\u505c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c","resume#r\u026a\u02c8zju\u02d0m#\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6682\u505c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c","priority#pra\u026a\u02c8\u0252r\u0259ti#\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f","nice#na\u026as#nice \u503c\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u53c2\u6570","renice#ri\u02d0\u02c8na\u026as#\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7","cpu usage#si\u02d0 pi\u02d0 ju\u02d0 \u02c8ju\u02d0s\u026ad\u0292#CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b","memory usage#\u02c8mem\u0259ri \u02c8ju\u02d0s\u026ad\u0292#\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b","ps#pi\u02d0 es#\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001","ps aux#pi\u02d0 es e\u026a ju\u02d0 eks#\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f","ps -ef#pi\u02d0 es -i\u02d0 ef#\u4ee5\u5168\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b","ps -l#pi\u02d0 es -el#\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f","top#t\u0252p#\u5b9e\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5","htop#e\u026at\u0283 t\u0252p#\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u9700\u5b89\u88c5\uff09","pstree#pi\u02d0 es tri\u02d0#\u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb","pgrep#pi\u02d0 \u0261rep#\u6839\u636e\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u627e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID","pkill#pi\u02d0 k\u026al#\u6839\u636e\u540d\u79f0\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7","kill#k\u026al#\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7","kill -l#k\u026al -el#\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7","kill -9#k\u026al -na\u026an#\u53d1\u9001\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08SIGKILL\uff09","kill -15#k\u026al -f\u026af\u02c8ti\u02d0n#\u53d1\u9001\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08SIGTERM\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09","killall#k\u026al \u0254\u02d0l#\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u540c\u540d\u8fdb\u7a0b","pkill#pi\u02d0 k\u026al#\u6839\u636e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b","bg#bi\u02d0 d\u0292i\u02d0#\u5c06\u6682\u505c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u653e\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c","fg#ef d\u0292i\u02d0#\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c","jobs#d\u0292\u0252bz#\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b","&#\u00e6nd#\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c","nohup#n\u0259\u028a\u02c8h\u028cp#\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u6302\u8d77\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u7ec8\u7aef\u540e\u4ecd\u8fd0\u884c","nice#na\u026as#\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4","renice#ri\u02d0\u02c8na\u026as#\u8c03\u6574\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7","pgrep -l#pi\u02d0 \u0261rep -el#\u663e\u793a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u548c PID","ps -p pid##\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a PID \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f","ps -aux --sort=-% cpu##\u6309 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u964d\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b"],"name":"\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4","uri":"4-6-006","lock":"","pages":[{"type":"worden","label":"","text":"","chars":"","lock":"","speed":0,"accuracy":0,"focus":"","split":"word","lines":[[{"sound":"\u02c8pr\u0259\u028ases","label":"\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u4f8b","text":"process","chars":"process","pinyin":[{"label":"","chars":"p","text":"p"},{"label":"","chars":"r","text":"r"},{"label":"","chars":"o","text":"o"},{"label":"","chars":"c","text":"c"},{"label":"","chars":"e","text":"e"},{"label":"","chars":"s","text":"s"},{"label":"","chars":"s","text":"s"}]}],[{"sound":"pi\u02d0 a\u026a di\u02d0","label":"\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\uff0c\u6807\u8bc6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7f16\u53f7","text":"pid","chars":"pid","pinyin":[{"label":"","chars":"p","text":"p"},{"label":"","chars":"i","text":"i"},{"label":"","chars":"d","text":"d"}]}],[{"sound":"pi\u02d0 pi\u02d0 a\u026a di\u02d0","label":"\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b 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